使用Thanos来扩展prometheus的高可用

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使用Thanos来扩展prometheus的高可用

最近挺多人咨询prometheus高可用的事项，说是从博主之前这边文章过来的：多集群多prometheus实例下的管理，开始我还是郁闷的，因为那篇内容博主的本意不是讲高可用的~~~那篇主要是实现不同角色人员的监控视角隔离（各项目团队）与聚合（运维管理团队）＞﹏＜。。。而今天这里，就来实现下它的高可用和多集群数据聚合查询的功能

Prometheus高可用

最简单的HA

使用Thanos来扩展prometheus的高可用

对于服务本身，我们可以建立多个副本，并在入口处提供负载进行流量分发。但是prometheus自身的数据源存储是在本地，每个实例即都是用自己实例内的存储进行读写，在查询时可能会出现数据不一致的情况，且数据未持久化存在丢失的风险。同时这种多副本模式，每个副本全量采集target，会导致采集请求数随着副本数的数量增加而翻倍。

增加远程存储

使用Thanos来扩展prometheus的高可用

prometheus自身可以通过remote storage的方式将数据同步到远程存储，这样便实现了数据的远程持久化，但和上面比也仅仅优化了这点。远程存储可以使用adapter组件来实现，自动选择其中一个实例的数据写入到远程存储，从而减少远程存储数据量。

使用集群联邦分散采集任务

使用Thanos来扩展prometheus的高可用

这种多层级的联邦，顶层实例则是一个数据聚合层，下层则可以来自不同集群数据，也可以是同一集群中同一采集任务单不同的实例。其实这种模式主要是为解决采集任务繁重，让底层promehteus按功能划分去采集不同的集群，又或者是采集同一任务的不同实例。这种方式反而对最底层的prometheus来讲，又是个单点

从上面这些模式的演变看下来，似乎对数据采集和数据存储都做了一定的扩展，而对数据读的一致性似乎没有涉及，也许监控这种场景对数据强一致性没有太大要求，只需要保持服务可用和数据能持久即可。只能说prometheus自身不支持直接远程数据源读写，要是支持的话就没那么多事了。

Thanos

前面理的是prometheus自身的一些模式组合，此处则主要使用thanos组件来扩展prometheus功能。thanos

主要有以下特点：

  • 数据去重与合并
  • 数据源存储支持多种对象存储
  • 提供多集群的全局视图查询功能
  • 无缝兼容prometheus API接口
  • 提供数据压缩，提升查询速度

thanos不是一个组件，而是多个组件：

  • sidecar：该组件与prometheus实例集成，比如和prometheus在同一个pod内，用来读取promethues的数据，提供querier组件进行查询，同时将数据上传到对象存储中进行保存
  • querier：用来查询数据，从sidercar中或store gateway中查询数据。兼容prometheus的Prom语法，可以在grafana中作为数据源来查询聚合数据
  • store gateway：对象存储网关组件。sidecar将数据存储到对象存储后，prometheus会根据策略清除本地数据。当querier组件需要查询这些历史数据时，就会通过store gateway来读取对象存储中的数据
  • comactor：数据压缩组件，用来数据压缩和历史数据降采样，从而提升长期数据的查询效率
  • ruler：用于对多个alertmanager的告警规则进行同一管理，此处忽略不涉及，建议直走自身集群的alertmanager链路更短，更及时
  • receiver：接收器，receiver模式下的数据收集，此处忽略

thanos sidecar模式

thanos有两种模式（sidecar和receiver），此处主要涉及sidecar模式，alertmanager不涉及，让它走各自集群即可（链路最短，时效快）

使用Thanos来扩展prometheus的高可用

我们用terratorm和ansible快速创建三个1.22集群，单master节点模拟

[root@cluster-oa-master ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME                STATUS   ROLES                  AGE     VERSION
cluster-oa-master   Ready    control-plane,master   3h10m   v1.22.3

[root@cluster-bi-master ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME                STATUS   ROLES                  AGE     VERSION
cluster-bi-master   Ready    control-plane,master   3h10m   v1.22.3

[root@cluster-pms-master ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME                 STATUS   ROLES                  AGE     VERSION
cluster-pms-master   Ready    control-plane,master   3h10m   v1.22.3

prometheus-operator部署

在kube-promethues仓库中部署prometheus-operator，该仓库已集成thanos，只是默认未启用。我们先运行其prometheus先，后面逐步调整开启组件

基本HA模式部署，每个集群都部署

# 拉取kube-prometheus仓库
[root@cluster-pms-master ~]# git clone https://github.com/prometheus-operator/kube-prometheus.git
Cloning into 'kube-prometheus'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 17732, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (51/51), done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (32/32), done.
remote: Total 17732 (delta 20), reused 44 (delta 16), pack-reused 17681
Receiving objects: 100% (17732/17732), 9.36 MiB | 15.18 MiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (11712/11712), done.
[root@cluster-pms-master ~]#  cd kube-prometheus/

# 切换到适应自己集群的版本
[root@cluster-pms-master kube-prometheus]# git checkout release-0.11
Branch release-0.11 set up to track remote branch release-0.11 from origin.
Switched to a new branch 'release-0.11'

# 部署crds资源
[root@cluster-pms-master kube-prometheus]# cd manifests/
[root@cluster-pms-master manifests]# kubectl create -f setup/
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/alertmanagerconfigs.monitoring.coreos.com created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/alertmanagers.monitoring.coreos.com created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/podmonitors.monitoring.coreos.com created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/probes.monitoring.coreos.com created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/prometheuses.monitoring.coreos.com created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/prometheusrules.monitoring.coreos.com created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/servicemonitors.monitoring.coreos.com created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/thanosrulers.monitoring.coreos.com created
namespace/monitoring created

# 部署默认prometheus集群套件
[root@cluster-pms-master manifests]# kubectl apply -f .
alertmanager.monitoring.coreos.com/main created
networkpolicy.networking.k8s.io/alertmanager-main created
poddisruptionbudget.policy/alertmanager-main created
prometheusrule.monitoring.coreos.com/alertmanager-main-rules created
secret/alertmanager-main created
service/alertmanager-main created
serviceaccount/alertmanager-main created
servicemonitor.monitoring.coreos.com/alertmanager-main created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/blackbox-exporter created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/blackbox-exporter created
configmap/blackbox-exporter-configuration created
deployment.apps/blackbox-exporter created
networkpolicy.networking.k8s.io/blackbox-exporter created
service/blackbox-exporter created
serviceaccount/blackbox-exporter created
servicemonitor.monitoring.coreos.com/blackbox-exporter created
secret/grafana-config created
secret/grafana-datasources created
configmap/grafana-dashboard-alertmanager-overview created
configmap/grafana-dashboard-apiserver created
configmap/grafana-dashboard-cluster-total created
configmap/grafana-dashboard-controller-manager created
configmap/grafana-dashboard-grafana-overview created
configmap/grafana-dashboard-k8s-resources-cluster created
configmap/grafana-dashboard-k8s-resources-namespace created
configmap/grafana-dashboard-k8s-resources-node created
configmap/grafana-dashboard-k8s-resources-pod created
configmap/grafana-dashboard-k8s-resources-workload created
configmap/grafana-dashboard-k8s-resources-workloads-namespace created
configmap/grafana-dashboard-kubelet created
configmap/grafana-dashboard-namespace-by-pod created
configmap/grafana-dashboard-namespace-by-workload created
configmap/grafana-dashboard-node-cluster-rsrc-use created
configmap/grafana-dashboard-node-rsrc-use created
configmap/grafana-dashboard-nodes created
configmap/grafana-dashboard-persistentvolumesusage created
configmap/grafana-dashboard-pod-total created
configmap/grafana-dashboard-prometheus-remote-write created
configmap/grafana-dashboard-prometheus created
configmap/grafana-dashboard-proxy created
configmap/grafana-dashboard-scheduler created
configmap/grafana-dashboard-workload-total created
configmap/grafana-dashboards created
deployment.apps/grafana created
networkpolicy.networking.k8s.io/grafana created
prometheusrule.monitoring.coreos.com/grafana-rules created
service/grafana created
serviceaccount/grafana created
servicemonitor.monitoring.coreos.com/grafana created
prometheusrule.monitoring.coreos.com/kube-prometheus-rules created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kube-state-metrics created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kube-state-metrics created
deployment.apps/kube-state-metrics created
networkpolicy.networking.k8s.io/kube-state-metrics created
prometheusrule.monitoring.coreos.com/kube-state-metrics-rules created
service/kube-state-metrics created
serviceaccount/kube-state-metrics created
servicemonitor.monitoring.coreos.com/kube-state-metrics created
prometheusrule.monitoring.coreos.com/kubernetes-monitoring-rules created
servicemonitor.monitoring.coreos.com/kube-apiserver created
servicemonitor.monitoring.coreos.com/coredns created
servicemonitor.monitoring.coreos.com/kube-controller-manager created
servicemonitor.monitoring.coreos.com/kube-scheduler created
servicemonitor.monitoring.coreos.com/kubelet created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/node-exporter created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/node-exporter created
daemonset.apps/node-exporter created
networkpolicy.networking.k8s.io/node-exporter created
prometheusrule.monitoring.coreos.com/node-exporter-rules created
service/node-exporter created
serviceaccount/node-exporter created
servicemonitor.monitoring.coreos.com/node-exporter created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/prometheus-k8s created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/prometheus-k8s created
networkpolicy.networking.k8s.io/prometheus-k8s created
poddisruptionbudget.policy/prometheus-k8s created
prometheus.monitoring.coreos.com/k8s created
prometheusrule.monitoring.coreos.com/prometheus-k8s-prometheus-rules created
rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/prometheus-k8s-config created
rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/prometheus-k8s created
rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/prometheus-k8s created
rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/prometheus-k8s created
role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/prometheus-k8s-config created
role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/prometheus-k8s created
role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/prometheus-k8s created
role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/prometheus-k8s created
service/prometheus-k8s created
serviceaccount/prometheus-k8s created
servicemonitor.monitoring.coreos.com/prometheus-k8s created
apiservice.apiregistration.k8s.io/v1beta1.metrics.k8s.io created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/prometheus-adapter created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/system:aggregated-metrics-reader created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/prometheus-adapter created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/resource-metrics:system:auth-delegator created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/resource-metrics-server-resources created
configmap/adapter-config created
deployment.apps/prometheus-adapter created
networkpolicy.networking.k8s.io/prometheus-adapter created
poddisruptionbudget.policy/prometheus-adapter created
rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/resource-metrics-auth-reader created
service/prometheus-adapter created
serviceaccount/prometheus-adapter created
servicemonitor.monitoring.coreos.com/prometheus-adapter created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/prometheus-operator created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/prometheus-operator created
deployment.apps/prometheus-operator created
networkpolicy.networking.k8s.io/prometheus-operator created
prometheusrule.monitoring.coreos.com/prometheus-operator-rules created
service/prometheus-operator created
serviceaccount/prometheus-operator created
servicemonitor.monitoring.coreos.com/prometheus-operator created

# 部署完成后查看monitoring空间资源，镜像拉取问题略
[root@cluster-pms-master manifests]# kubectl get pod -n monitoring
NAME                                   READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
alertmanager-main-0                    2/2     Running   0          116s
alertmanager-main-1                    2/2     Running   0          116s
alertmanager-main-2                    2/2     Running   0          116s
blackbox-exporter-5c545d55d6-kxmp7     3/3     Running   0          2m30s
grafana-7945df75ff-2b8dr               1/1     Running   0          2m29s
kube-state-metrics-54bd6b479c-5nj9w    3/3     Running   0          2m29s
node-exporter-wxlxw                    2/2     Running   0          2m28s
prometheus-adapter-7bf7ff5b67-chmm6    1/1     Running   0          2m28s
prometheus-adapter-7bf7ff5b67-f8d48    1/1     Running   0          2m28s
prometheus-k8s-0                       2/2     Running   0          114s
prometheus-k8s-1                       2/2     Running   0          114s
prometheus-operator-54dd69bbf6-btp95   2/2     Running   0          2m27s

引入sidecar

先在cluster-pms这个集群开始，以这个集群为总管集群平台，接管其他集群监控数据

开始调整prometheus资源对象

  • 添加externalLabels，用来标注这个prometheus实例来自哪个集群或环境，也可以其他标签等
  • 添加sidecar容器
[root@cluster-pms-master manifests]# cat prometheus-prometheus.yaml
apiVersion: monitoring.coreos.com/v1
kind: Prometheus
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/component: prometheus
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: k8s
    app.kubernetes.io/name: prometheus
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: kube-prometheus
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 2.36.1
  name: k8s
  namespace: monitoring
spec:
  alerting:
    alertmanagers:
    - apiVersion: v2
      name: alertmanager-main
      namespace: monitoring
      port: web
  enableFeatures: []
  externalLabels:
    env: prod           # 部署到不同环境需要修改此处label
    cluster: cluster-pms   # 部署到不同集群需要修改此处label
  image: quay.io/prometheus/prometheus:v2.36.1
  nodeSelector:
    kubernetes.io/os: linux
  podMetadata:
    labels:
      app.kubernetes.io/component: prometheus
      app.kubernetes.io/instance: k8s
      app.kubernetes.io/name: prometheus
      app.kubernetes.io/part-of: kube-prometheus
      app.kubernetes.io/version: 2.36.1
  podMonitorNamespaceSelector: {}
  podMonitorSelector: {}
  probeNamespaceSelector: {}
  probeSelector: {}
  replicas: 2
  resources:
    requests:
      memory: 400Mi
  ruleNamespaceSelector: {}
  ruleSelector: {}
  securityContext:
    fsGroup: 2000
    runAsNonRoot: true
    runAsUser: 1000
  serviceAccountName: prometheus-k8s
  serviceMonitorNamespaceSelector: {}
  serviceMonitorSelector: {}
  version: 2.36.1
  thanos:          # 添加thano-sidecar容器
    baseImage: thanosio/thanos
    version: main-2022-09-22-ff9ee9ac

[root@cluster-pms-master manifests]# kubectl apply -f prometheus-prometheus.yaml
prometheus.monitoring.coreos.com/k8s configured

[root@cluster-pms-master manifests]# kubectl get pod -n monitoring | grep prometheus-k8s
prometheus-k8s-0                       3/3     Running   0          116s
prometheus-k8s-1                       3/3     Running   0          2m13s

sidecar将数据存储至对象存储

此处博主这里直接使用阿里云oss，没有部署minio，读者自行部署吧~

oss对象存储配置文件

[root@cluster-pms-master ~]# cat thanos-storage-gw.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: thanos-storage-oss
type: Opaque
stringData:
  objectstorage.yaml: |
    type: ALIYUNOSS
    config:
      bucket: "thanos-storage-gw"
      endpoint: "oss-cn-hongkong-internal.aliyuncs.com"
      access_key_id: "xxxxx"
      access_key_secret: "dddddd"

[root@cluster-pms-master ~]# kubectl apply -f thanos-storage-gw.yaml -n monitoring

重新调整prometheus资源对象

[root@cluster-pms-master manifests]# cat prometheus-prometheus.yaml
apiVersion: monitoring.coreos.com/v1
kind: Prometheus
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/component: prometheus
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: k8s
    app.kubernetes.io/name: prometheus
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: kube-prometheus
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 2.36.1
  name: k8s
  namespace: monitoring
spec:
  alerting:
    alertmanagers:
    - apiVersion: v2
      name: alertmanager-main
      namespace: monitoring
      port: web
  enableFeatures: []
  externalLabels:
    env: prod           # 部署到不同环境需要修改此处label
    cluster: cluster-pms   # 部署到不同环境需要修改此处label
  image: quay.io/prometheus/prometheus:v2.36.1
  nodeSelector:
    kubernetes.io/os: linux
  podMetadata:
    labels:
      app.kubernetes.io/component: prometheus
      app.kubernetes.io/instance: k8s
      app.kubernetes.io/name: prometheus
      app.kubernetes.io/part-of: kube-prometheus
      app.kubernetes.io/version: 2.36.1
  podMonitorNamespaceSelector: {}
  podMonitorSelector: {}
  probeNamespaceSelector: {}
  probeSelector: {}
  replicas: 2
  resources:
    requests:
      memory: 400Mi
  ruleNamespaceSelector: {}
  ruleSelector: {}
  securityContext:
    fsGroup: 2000
    runAsNonRoot: true
    runAsUser: 1000
  serviceAccountName: prometheus-k8s
  serviceMonitorNamespaceSelector: {}
  serviceMonitorSelector: {}
  version: 2.36.1
  thanos:          # 添加thano-sidecar容器
    baseImage: thanosio/thanos
    version: main-2022-09-22-ff9ee9ac
    objectStorageConfig:
      key: objectstorage.yaml
      name: thanos-storage-oss
[root@cluster-pms-master manifests]# kubectl apply -f prometheus-prometheus.yaml -n monitoring

引入querier

部署querier组件，该组件会提供一个ui界面，和prometheus提供的ui很相似

[root@cluster-pms-master ~]# cat thanos-query.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: thanos-query
  namespace: monitoring
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: thanos-query
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app.kubernetes.io/name: thanos-query
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app.kubernetes.io/name: thanos-query
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: thanos
          image: thanosio/thanos:main-2022-09-22-ff9ee9ac
          args:
            - query
            - --log.level=debug
            - --query.replica-label=prometheus_replica # prometheus-operator 里面配置的副本标签为 prometheus_replica
            # Discover local store APIs using DNS SRV.
            - --store=dnssrv+prometheus-operated:10901 #通过这个headless srv获取当前集群所有prometheus副本
          ports:
            - name: http
              containerPort: 10902
            - name: grpc
              containerPort: 10901
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              path: /-/healthy
              port: http
            initialDelaySeconds: 10
          readinessProbe:
            httpGet:
              path: /-/healthy
              port: http
            initialDelaySeconds: 15
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: thanos-query
  namespace: monitoring
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: thanos-query
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 9090
      targetPort: http
      name: http
      nodePort: 30909
  selector:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: thanos-query
  type: NodePort
[root@cluster-pms-master ~]# kubectl apply -f  thanos-query.yaml -n monitoring

调整网络策略，博主这里用的kube-prometheus的分支是release-0.11，manifest里设置了网络策略

[root@cluster-pms-master manifests]# ll *networkPolicy*
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  977 Mar 17 15:02 alertmanager-networkPolicy.yaml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  722 Mar 17 15:02 blackboxExporter-networkPolicy.yaml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  651 Mar 17 15:02 grafana-networkPolicy.yaml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  723 Mar 17 15:02 kubeStateMetrics-networkPolicy.yaml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  671 Mar 17 15:02 nodeExporter-networkPolicy.yaml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  564 Mar 17 15:02 prometheusAdapter-networkPolicy.yaml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1068 Mar 17 23:03 prometheus-networkPolicy.yaml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  694 Mar 17 15:02 prometheusOperator-networkPolicy.yaml

[root@cluster-pms-master manifests]# kubectl get networkpolicy -n monitoring
NAME                  POD-SELECTOR                                                                                                                                             AGE
alertmanager-main     app.kubernetes.io/component=alert-router,app.kubernetes.io/instance=main,app.kubernetes.io/name=alertmanager,app.kubernetes.io/part-of=kube-prometheus   22h
blackbox-exporter     app.kubernetes.io/component=exporter,app.kubernetes.io/name=blackbox-exporter,app.kubernetes.io/part-of=kube-prometheus                                  22h
grafana               app.kubernetes.io/component=grafana,app.kubernetes.io/name=grafana,app.kubernetes.io/part-of=kube-prometheus                                             22h
kube-state-metrics    app.kubernetes.io/component=exporter,app.kubernetes.io/name=kube-state-metrics,app.kubernetes.io/part-of=kube-prometheus                                 22h
node-exporter         app.kubernetes.io/component=exporter,app.kubernetes.io/name=node-exporter,app.kubernetes.io/part-of=kube-prometheus                                      22h
prometheus-adapter    app.kubernetes.io/component=metrics-adapter,app.kubernetes.io/name=prometheus-adapter,app.kubernetes.io/part-of=kube-prometheus                          22h
prometheus-k8s        app.kubernetes.io/component=prometheus,app.kubernetes.io/instance=k8s,app.kubernetes.io/name=prometheus,app.kubernetes.io/part-of=kube-prometheus        15h
prometheus-operator   app.kubernetes.io/component=controller,app.kubernetes.io/name=prometheus-operator,app.kubernetes.io/part-of=kube-prometheus                              22h

所以需要调整放行thanos-query到prometheus的网络调用，如果不会调，则可以先把monitoring空间的网络策略都清除掉

[root@cluster-pms-master manifests]# cat prometheus-networkPolicy.yaml
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: NetworkPolicy
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/component: prometheus
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: k8s
    app.kubernetes.io/name: prometheus
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: kube-prometheus
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 2.36.1
  name: prometheus-k8s
  namespace: monitoring
spec:
  egress:
  - {}
  ingress:
  - from:
    - podSelector:
        matchLabels:
          app.kubernetes.io/name: prometheus
    ports:
    - port: 9090
      protocol: TCP
    - port: 8080
      protocol: TCP
  - from:
    - podSelector:
        matchLabels:
          app.kubernetes.io/name: grafana
    ports:
    - port: 9090
      protocol: TCP

  # 放行thanos-query的网络调用，调用sidecar的端口10901
  - from:
    - podSelector:
        matchLabels:
          app.kubernetes.io/name: thanos-query
    ports:
    - port: 10901
      protocol: TCP
  podSelector:
    matchLabels:
      app.kubernetes.io/component: prometheus
      app.kubernetes.io/instance: k8s
      app.kubernetes.io/name: prometheus
      app.kubernetes.io/part-of: kube-prometheus
  policyTypes:
  - Egress
  - Ingress

放行网络策略后我们登录querier组件暴露的nodeport查看下ui界面

[root@cluster-pms-master manifests]# kubectl get svc -n monitoring | grep than
thanos-query            NodePort    10.96.28.40     <none>        9090:30909/TCP               17m

可以看到当前集群有两个prometheus实例，且打上了cluster和env标签区分

使用Thanos来扩展prometheus的高可用
使用Thanos来扩展prometheus的高可用
使用Thanos来扩展prometheus的高可用
  • “Use Deduplication”：Querier会根据指定的扩展标签进行数据去重，这保证了在用户层面不会因为高可用模式而出现重复数据的问题
  • “Use Partial Response”：选项用于允许部分响应的情况，这要求用户在一致性与可用性之间做选择。当某个store出现故障而无法响应时，此时是否还需要返回其他正常store的数据

接入外部集群sidecar

注意：上面操作都是在cluster-pms中操作，现在来操作cluster-oa和cluster-bi这两个集群

配置oss secret

cat >thanos-storage-oss.yaml<<-'EOF'
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: thanos-storage-oss
type: Opaque
stringData:
  objectstorage.yaml: |
    type: ALIYUNOSS
    config:
      bucket: "thanos-storage-gw"
      endpoint: "oss-cn-hongkong-internal.aliyuncs.com"
      access_key_id: "xxxx"
      access_key_secret: "ddfdfd"
EOF
kubectl apply -f thanos-storage-oss.yaml -n monitoring

调整prometheus接入sidecar

注意：两个集群的externalLabels调整

cat >prometheus-prometheus.yaml<<-'EOF'
apiVersion: monitoring.coreos.com/v1
kind: Prometheus
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/component: prometheus
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: k8s
    app.kubernetes.io/name: prometheus
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: kube-prometheus
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 2.36.1
  name: k8s
  namespace: monitoring
spec:
  alerting:
    alertmanagers:
    - apiVersion: v2
      name: alertmanager-main
      namespace: monitoring
      port: web
  enableFeatures: []
  externalLabels:
    env: prod           # 部署到不同环境需要修改此处label
    cluster: cluster-bi   # 部署到不同环境需要修改此处label
  image: quay.io/prometheus/prometheus:v2.36.1
  nodeSelector:
    kubernetes.io/os: linux
  podMetadata:
    labels:
      app.kubernetes.io/component: prometheus
      app.kubernetes.io/instance: k8s
      app.kubernetes.io/name: prometheus
      app.kubernetes.io/part-of: kube-prometheus
      app.kubernetes.io/version: 2.36.1
  podMonitorNamespaceSelector: {}
  podMonitorSelector: {}
  probeNamespaceSelector: {}
  probeSelector: {}
  replicas: 2
  resources:
    requests:
      memory: 400Mi
  ruleNamespaceSelector: {}
  ruleSelector: {}
  securityContext:
    fsGroup: 2000
    runAsNonRoot: true
    runAsUser: 1000
  serviceAccountName: prometheus-k8s
  serviceMonitorNamespaceSelector: {}
  serviceMonitorSelector: {}
  version: 2.36.1
  thanos:          # 添加thano-sidecar容器
    baseImage: thanosio/thanos
    version: main-2022-09-22-ff9ee9ac
    objectStorageConfig:
      key: objectstorage.yaml
      name: thanos-storage-oss
EOF
kubectl apply -f prometheus-prometheus.yaml -n monitoring

调整prometheus的svc为nodeport

cat >prometheus-service.yaml<<-'EOF'
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/component: prometheus
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: k8s
    app.kubernetes.io/name: prometheus
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: kube-prometheus
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 2.36.1
  name: prometheus-k8s
  namespace: monitoring
spec:
  # 调整为nodeport
  type: NodePort
  ports:
  - name: web
    port: 9090
    targetPort: web
  # 暴露sidecar的port,固定为30901
  - name: grpc
    port: 10901
    protocol: TCP
    targetPort: grpc
    nodePort: 30901
  - name: reloader-web
    port: 8080
    targetPort: reloader-web
  selector:
    app.kubernetes.io/component: prometheus
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: k8s
    app.kubernetes.io/name: prometheus
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: kube-prometheus
  sessionAffinity: ClientIP
EOF
kubectl apply -f prometheus-service.yaml -n monitoring

调整网络策略

放行prometheus pod内10901端口到cluster-pms集群网段通信(不会调就干掉)

cat >prometheus-networkPolicy.yaml<<-'EOF'
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: NetworkPolicy
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/component: prometheus
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: k8s
    app.kubernetes.io/name: prometheus
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: kube-prometheus
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 2.36.1
  name: prometheus-k8s
  namespace: monitoring
spec:
  egress:
  - {}
  ingress:
  - from:
    - podSelector:
        matchLabels:
          app.kubernetes.io/name: prometheus
    ports:
    - port: 9090
      protocol: TCP
    - port: 8080
      protocol: TCP
  - from:
    - podSelector:
        matchLabels:
          app.kubernetes.io/name: grafana
    ports:
    - port: 9090
      protocol: TCP
  - from:
    - ipBlock:
        cidr: 172.24.80.0/20
    ports:
    - port: 10901
      protocol: TCP
    - port: 9090
      protocol: TCP
  podSelector:
    matchLabels:
      app.kubernetes.io/component: prometheus
      app.kubernetes.io/instance: k8s
      app.kubernetes.io/name: prometheus
      app.kubernetes.io/part-of: kube-prometheus
  policyTypes:
  - Egress
  - Ingress
EOF
kubectl apply -f prometheus-networkPolicy.yaml -n monitoring

至此就将sidecar的10901通过nodeport方式暴露出去，后面总控集群cluster-pms的querier组件才能抓取该端口数据

调整thanos-query接入两个集群的sidecar

注意：此处已回到cluster-pms这个总管集群上处理，其他集群操作上面的步骤基本完事了

[root@cluster-pms-master ~]# cat thanos-query.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: thanos-query
  namespace: monitoring
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: thanos-query
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app.kubernetes.io/name: thanos-query
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app.kubernetes.io/name: thanos-query
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: thanos
          image: thanosio/thanos:main-2022-09-22-ff9ee9ac
          args:
            - query
            - --log.level=debug
            - --query.replica-label=prometheus_replica # prometheus-operator 里面配置的副本标签为 prometheus_replica
            # Discover local store APIs using DNS SRV.
            - --store=dnssrv+prometheus-operated:10901
            # 接入外部集群的prometheus实例的svc nodeport 地址
            - --store=172.24.85.36:30901
            - --store=172.24.85.37:30901
          ports:
            - name: http
              containerPort: 10902
            - name: grpc
              containerPort: 10901
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              path: /-/healthy
              port: http
            initialDelaySeconds: 10
          readinessProbe:
            httpGet:
              path: /-/healthy
              port: http
            initialDelaySeconds: 15
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: thanos-query
  namespace: monitoring
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: thanos-query
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 9090
      targetPort: http
      name: http
      nodePort: 30909
  selector:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: thanos-query
  type: NodePort

调整完后就可以看到对应集群的实例了

使用Thanos来扩展prometheus的高可用

引入store gateway

前面我们在sidecar内将数据持久化到oss中，数据不是实时同步到oss，而是每两个小时同步到oss，然后清空本地存储数据，和prometheus的启动参数有关：

# prometheus抓取到的监控数据在落盘之前都是存储在内存中的
# 设置数据块落盘最大和最小时间跨度,默认2h 的数据量
# 监控数据是按块(block)存储,每一个块中包含该时间窗口内的所有样本数据，后面会引入compactor组件去降采
--storage.tsdb.max-block-duration=2h 
--storage.tsdb.min-block-duration=2h

–storage.tsdb.min-block-duration和–storage.tsdb.min-block-duration参数必须添加且配置相同的值来阻止prometheus压缩数据，因为后面会用compactor来完成这个共组，在这里压缩的话会造成compactor异常出错

所以读者静等两小时后oss才有数据~~~

使用Thanos来扩展prometheus的高可用

为了能查询到oss内的历史数据，我们需要引入store gateway来完成查询

[root@cluster-pms-master ~]# cat store-gw.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
  name: thanos-store
  namespace: monitoring
  labels:
    app: thanos-store
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: thanos-store
  serviceName: thanos-store
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: thanos-store
        thanos-store-api: "true"
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: thanos
          image: thanosio/thanos:main-2022-09-22-ff9ee9ac
          args:
          - "store"
          - "--log.level=debug"
          - "--data-dir=/data"
          - "--objstore.config-file=/etc/secret/objectstorage.yaml"
          - "--index-cache-size=500MB"
          - "--chunk-pool-size=500MB"
          ports:
          - name: http
            containerPort: 10902
          - name: grpc
            containerPort: 10901
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              port: 10902
              path: /-/healthy
            initialDelaySeconds: 10
          readinessProbe:
            httpGet:
              port: 10902
              path: /-/ready
            initialDelaySeconds: 15
          volumeMounts:
            - name: object-storage-config
              mountPath: /etc/secret
              readOnly: false
      volumes:
        - name: object-storage-config
          secret:
            secretName: thanos-storage-oss
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: thanos-store
  namespace: monitoring
spec:
  type: ClusterIP
  clusterIP: None
  ports:
    - name: grpc
      port: 10901
      targetPort: grpc
  selector:
    app: thanos-store

此时我们在querier的ui上可以查看到stores多了一类store

使用Thanos来扩展prometheus的高可用

引入compator

前面已经将数据每两小时同步到oss，又接入了store gateway供querier查询历史数据，这些历史数据是未压缩的，后面会越堆越大，所以需要引入compactor来降采压缩处理。

另一方面在实现查询较大时间范围的监控数据时，当时间范围很大，查询的数据量也会很大，这会导致查询速度非常慢。通常在查看较大时间范围的监控数据时，我们并不需要那么详细的数据，只需要看到大致就行。

[root@cluster-pms-master ~]# cat thanos-compactor.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
  name: thanos-compactor
  namespace: monitoring
  labels:
    app: thanos-compactor
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: thanos-compactor
  serviceName: thanos-compactor
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: thanos-compactor
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: thanos
        image: thanosio/thanos:main-2022-09-22-ff9ee9ac
        args:
        - "compact"
        - "--log.level=debug"
        - "--data-dir=/data"
        - "--objstore.config-file=/etc/secret/objectstorage.yaml"
        - "--wait"
        ports:
        - name: http
          containerPort: 10902
        livenessProbe:
          httpGet:
            port: 10902
            path: /-/healthy
          initialDelaySeconds: 10
        readinessProbe:
          httpGet:
            port: 10902
            path: /-/ready
          initialDelaySeconds: 15
        volumeMounts:
        - name: object-storage-config
          mountPath: /etc/secret
          readOnly: false
      volumes:
      - name: object-storage-config
        secret:
          secretName: thanos-storage-oss

compactor默认策略：

  • 为大于 40 小时的块创建 5m 降采样
  • 为大于 10 天的块创建 1 小时降采样

args参数：

  • –wait：降采样任务完成后，程序会退出，设置该参数可以让其保持运行态
  • –retention.resolution-5m：5m分钟降采样数据的保留时间（建议不设置或为0s，将持久保留）
  • –retention.resolution-1h：1小时降采样数据保留时间（建议不设置或为0s，将持久保留）
  • –retention.resolution-raw：原始数据的保留时间，该参数比上述两个大（建议不设置或为0s，将持久保留）

注意：Compactor也会对索引进行压缩，包括将来自同个Prometheus实例的多个块压缩为一个，它是通过扩展标签集来区分不同prometheus实例的，所以确保你的集群间prometheus扩展标签的唯一性~

grafana面板调整

调整网络策略

在cluster-pms总管集群中暴露grafana svc，博主这里用的nodeport，暴露到外网需要调整下网络策略

[root@cluster-pms-master manifests]# cat grafana-networkPolicy.yaml
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: NetworkPolicy
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/component: grafana
    app.kubernetes.io/name: grafana
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: kube-prometheus
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 8.5.5
  name: grafana
  namespace: monitoring
spec:
  egress:
  - {}
  ingress:
  - from:
    - podSelector:
        matchLabels:
          app.kubernetes.io/name: prometheus
    ports:
    - port: 3000
      protocol: TCP

  # 增加此处放行内网vpc段
  - from:
    - ipBlock:
        cidr: 172.24.80.0/20
    ports:
    - port: 3000
      protocol: TCP
  podSelector:
    matchLabels:
      app.kubernetes.io/component: grafana
      app.kubernetes.io/name: grafana
      app.kubernetes.io/part-of: kube-prometheus

      # 增加此处标签，放行外网
      public-network: "true"
  policyTypes:
  - Egress
  - Ingress

增加thanos querier为数据源

[root@cluster-pms-master manifests]# kubectl get svc -n monitoring | grep quer
thanos-query             NodePort    10.96.28.40     <none>        9090:30909/TCP               16h
使用Thanos来扩展prometheus的高可用

增加cluster变量

使用Thanos来扩展prometheus的高可用

样例图

后面做图就慢慢搞了，看读者业务得需求了，比如：

  • 所有集群在运行中得pod数量
  • 所有deployment
  • 所有集群总节点
  • 所有集群总核心和内存
  • 集群个数

样例：所有集群在运行中得pod数量

使用Thanos来扩展prometheus的高可用

thanos面板ID: 12937

使用Thanos来扩展prometheus的高可用

参考文档：

  • sideca文档：https://thanos.io/v0.28/components/sidecar.md/
  • querier文档：https://thanos.io/v0.28/components/query.md/
  • 持久化存储文档：https://thanos.io/v0.28/thanos/storage.md/
  • store gateway文档：https://thanos.io/v0.28/components/store.md/
  • compactor文档：https://thanos.io/v0.28/components/compact.md/

正文完
prometheus
2023-03-18
 2
xadocker
版权声明：本站原创文章，由 xadocker 2023-03-18发表，共计26650字。
转载说明：除特殊说明外本站文章皆由CC-4.0协议发布，转载请注明出处。
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评论（2 条评论）
ermaowang 评论达人 LV.1
2023-04-12 17:24:38 回复

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